Proctology

Overview

Pain around the rectum is often caused by a problem with how the sphincter or pelvic floor muscles work, which can lead to lasting pain and a poorer quality of life.

When should we see a proctologist?

A proctology examination is recommended not only when you have symptoms but also as a screening test, because early detection is key. See a proctologist if you notice any of the following symptoms:

• Haemorrhoids can cause bleeding, discharge and itching, or, at an advanced stage, severe throbbing pain.
• An anal fissure causes sharp, stabbing, burning pain and fresh bleeding when you open your bowels.
• Sphincter dysfunction can cause lasting pressing or burning pain around the rectum.
• Discharge from the rectum may be a sign of a tumour, inflammation, a polyp or even a sexually transmitted infection.
• Sudden swelling or a feeling of tightness may point to an abscess or a blood clot.

A proctological examination is also recommended for the following symptoms:

• bloody stool,
• diarrhoea or constipation,
• itching, swelling and pain in the anal region,
• wart-like changes around the anus,
• a sensation of a foreign body or discharge.

Because of their intimate nature, examinations for conditions around the rectum are often put off, yet the sooner you see a specialist, the simpler and more effective treatment can be.

The examination is also recommended in the absence of symptoms if:

• a family history of colon or rectal cancer,
• a previously confirmed HPV infection, which may increase the risk of cancerous changes.

The early detection of rectal cancer can save lives — regular screening is the best prevention.

The most common conditions treated by proctology

Haemorrhoids

Haemorrhoids are swollen veins in the wall of the rectum. Internal haemorrhoids are usually painless but draw attention through bleeding, while external haemorrhoids can cause swelling, itching and pain. They can be caused by excessive straining, a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, pregnancy, weak connective tissue or an unhealthy diet.

Anal fistula (fistula)

An anal fistula is an abnormal connection between the rectum and the skin, through which pus or bloody discharge may drain. It is often the result of inflammation, an abscess, an injury caused by a foreign body or Crohn’s disease.

Anal fissure (fissura)

A tear in the lining of the rectum causes sharp, burning pain when you open your bowels, often with bleeding. It can be caused by constipation, diarrhoea, inflammation or a chill, or even trauma after childbirth.

Possible causes of proctological conditions

Several factors may lie behind the development of conditions of the anal region:

• heavy physical work, lifting,
• persistent constipation or diarrhoea,
• excess weight and increased intra-abdominal pressure,
• prolonged sedentary work,
• a sedentary lifestyle,
• a spicy, low-fibre diet,
• stress and mental strain,
• pregnancy, hormonal changes,
• a genetic predisposition.

The course of the proctological examination

The examination begins with a detailed consultation: the specialist asks about your current symptoms, past illnesses, operations and medicines, as well as family and lifestyle factors.

The examination then takes place lying on your left side with your knees drawn up. First the area around the rectum is inspected, followed by a finger examination (digital rectal examination), which gives the proctologist a picture of any changes and of the condition of the sphincter.

If needed, the specialist uses an anoscope to look at the lower part of the rectum and a rectoscope to look at the higher part. The examination is short, usually 10–15 minutes, and although it may be uncomfortable, it is not painful.

What examinations does the proctologist use?

• Digital rectal examination – to detect palpable changes around the rectum, tumours, fissures and inflammation.
• Anoscopy – an examination of the lower part of the rectum, about 10 cm long.
• Rectoscopy – used to examine the higher part of the rectum.
  These examinations are quick, safe and do not need anaesthesia.

How should you prepare for the examination?

A proctology examination does not need laxatives or an enema; it is enough to have opened your bowels naturally on the day of the examination. Please bring your previous medical records, test results and imaging, so our doctors can get the clearest possible picture of your health.

Why choose Sabjanics Medical Center?

• Outstanding expertise: our experienced proctology specialists work with modern diagnostic equipment.
• Personalised care: we tailor every step of your examination and treatment to your condition and needs.
• An empathetic, discreet setting: our patients can feel safe with us, because we treat them with the greatest care and understanding.
• Complete care: we support you on your path to recovery, from diagnosis to treatment.

Take the first step towards an everyday life free of symptoms!

Symptoms in the anal region are often an uncomfortable subject, so many people postpone the examination. Yet the sooner you see a specialist, the more simply, quickly and effectively the problem can be treated.

At Sabjanics Medical Center, expertise, empathy and complete discretion await you – because we believe that preserving health begins with trust.

Are you struggling with a proctological complaint, or would you like to attend for a screening examination?

Turn to us with confidence, and we will help you regain your quality of life!